People accused of a variety of different crimes may face federal charges instead of state charges. Many white-collar criminal offenses are subject to federal jurisdiction even though the same behaviors are illegal at the state level.
Crimes that cross state boundaries or that use federal infrastructure are likely to result in federal prosecution. The same is true of criminal activity investigated by federal agencies. Those who face charges in federal court face punishments in accordance with federal sentencing guidelines.
Any incarceration sentence may result in the sentenced person living in a federal penitentiary. There are six different types of federal prisons, and people need to understand the differences between them as they prepare to respond to their charges.
1. Minimum-security prisons
Also known as federal prison camps, minimum-security prisons allow work opportunities and provide inmates with access to rehabilitation and training programs. They live in dormitories. There are often fewer penitentiary workers at minimum security facilities.
2. Low-security prison
A low-security federal prison has significant infrastructure. These correctional institutions feature two fences around the perimeter. There are more staff members than at minimum security facilities, but there is still a strong focus on programs and work.
3. Medium-security prison
Medium-security federal correctional institutions typically feature cell-type housing. There are stronger perimeter defenses, including double fences and enhanced detection systems. The inmates still have access to work and other programs, but they are subject to more internal controls. There are more staff members at medium-security facilities when compared with low- or minimum-security prisons.
4. High-security prison
Some people refer to high-security correctional institutions as United States Penitentiaries. These facilities have perimeters with walls, reinforced fences and constant monitoring. The inmates live in single-cell or multiple-occupant cell facilities. There are more correctional employees than at other facilities, and inmates must adhere to strict systems of daily control.
5. Federal Correctional Complexes
A Federal Correctional Complex is a federal prison with multiple different types of facilities. There may be medium- and high-security facilities near one another or a minimum-security facility abutting a low-security prison. There may be a variety of different types of inmates and employees at these complexes.
6. Administrative facilities
There are federal programs that offer facilities for offenders before trial or care for federal inmates with medical challenges. Administrative facilities can also house inmates deemed particularly violent, dangerous or prone to escape. Such facilities often have amenities that allow them to house a variety of different types of inmates.
Discussing the nature of their offense and the sentencing guidelines for their crime with a professional can help people with a federal conviction determine where they might have to serve a prison sentence. Those who respond assertively to federal white-collar criminal charges may be able to avoid incarceration in a federal prison.